Contents

 


Contents :

Introduction

The refrigerator : an introduction

The phenomenon of boiling

Does water always boil at 100°C?

The Pressure–Temperature relationship

Relative Pressure and Absolute Pressure

Is water a good refrigerant?

Refrigerant R22

The refrigeration engineer’s gauges

The evaporation of R22

What happens in the cold heat exchanger (the freezer)?

The phenomenon of condensation

The role of the compressor

The role of the expansion device

The refrigeration cycle

From the Fridge to Air Conditioning

The Window A/C Unit

Split System A/C Units

The Piston Compressor : normal operation

The Air- Cooled Condenser : normal operation

The Capillary Expansion Device : normal operation

The Evaporator : normal operation

The Complete Circuit : normal operation

Technical Data: general points

Technical Data: Power and Capacities

Dry and Wet Temperature
Cooling Capacity
Dehumidification Rate
Heating Capacity
Power Consumed

Technical Data: The Internal Unit

Reference Numbers and types of unit
Voltage, current and electrical power
The remote control
Modes of operation of the A/C system
Noise levels
Fans
Filters

Technical Data: the External Unit

Reference Numbers
Voltage, Current and Electrical Power
Rotary Compressors
The Refrigerant used
Refrigeration Oil

Various types of Connections

Refrigeration grade pipework
Refrigeration connections
Refrigeration pipework
What is "flashing"?
Pipework Insulation

Installation of a Split-System Unit

Installation of the internal unit
Installation of the external unit
Using service valves
Operations on the Refrigeration Circuit
Evacuating a System

Symptoms of a Malfunction in a System

Interpretation of a large or small superheat
Interpretation of large or small sub-cooling
Interpretation of a low or high LP (Low Pressure)

Faults producing "Flash-gas"

Analysis of the fault
Explanation of the symptoms
Some examples
Lack of Expansion Device Capacity
Analysis of the fault
Explanation of symptoms
Some examples

Lack of Refrigerant

Analysis of the fault
Explanation of the symptoms
Some practical considerations

Lack of Evaporator Capacity

Analysis of the fault
2 families of faults : lack of airflow and a fouled evaporator
Explanation of the symptoms
Some examples

Lack of Condenser Capacity

Analysis of the fault
2 families of faults and explanation of the symptoms
Some examples

Excessive Refrigerant Charge

Analysis of the fault
Explanation of the symptoms

Non- Condensables

What effects do non-condensables have?
Analysis of the fault
Explanation of the symptoms and some practical aspects
Lack of Compressor Capacity
Analysis of the fault
Explanation of the symptoms and some practical aspects
A Review of the principal refrigeration faults

The Reversible A/C system

" summer " operation
" winter " operation
Some faults associated with 4- way valves
The liquid receiver
The bi-directional filter drier
Single- Phase Motors
General Points
How do you electrically test a motor?
Start- up and Operating Capacitors
How do we test Capacitors?
Start- up systems found in comfort A/C